ENGLISH LITERATURE AND ITS USEFUL DEVICES

1. BALLAD– ITS IS SHORT STORY WRITE IN POEM,
   • BASICALLY ITS IS A TRAGIC STORY AND BASICALI WRITE IN DRAMATIC STYLE,
     • ITS SIMPLE TO READ AND UNDERSTAND,
     • ITS WRITE IN QUESTION ANSWER FORM
     • AND HAVE SOME MUSICAL TOUCH
     • CREATING OLD/MEDIEVAL ATMOSPHERE FOR SENSE OF OLD AGE STORY
     • USES OF MAGICAL AND MYSTERY WORDS
     • REPETITION OF LINES, WORDS AND PHRASES
     • BALLAD WORD COMES FROM WORD “BALLARE” ITS MEANING “TO DANCE”
     • ORIGINALLY ITS PART OF ORAL LITERATURE AND AGE BY AGE IT HAS DISAPPEARD FROM LITERATURE
     • ITS HAS TWO TYPES- 1 POPULAR BALLAD 2 LITERARY BALLAD
     • GOLDEN PERIOD OF BALLAD WAS 15TH CENTUARY THAT TIMES TWO FAMOUS BALLAD ARE CHEVY-CHASE AND THE NUT BROWN MAID
     • CHEVY-CHASE- ITS NARATTE IN HOMERIC FORM/FORM WHICH CALLED EPIC BALLAD

2. CONCEIT– ITS IS FANCIFUL METAPHOR [ FAR-FETCHED COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 THINGS], IT HAS TWO TYPES 1 PETRARCHAN 2 METAPHYSICAL

3. COUPLET– IN A POETRY , A UNIT OF TWO LINES WITH SAME METRE AND RHYME. ALSO WE CALL DOUBLE LINE BREAKER. OUDATED IN ROMANTIC AGE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. IT HAS TWO TYPES

1. OPEN– IN THIS FORM OF COUPLET MEANING MIXED UP WITH TWO LINES
2. CLOSED– IN THIS FORM OF COUPLET FIRST LINE HAS DIFFERENT MEANING FROM SECOND LINE AND SECOND LINE ALSO HAS DIFFERENT MEANING FROM LINE ONE

4. CAESURA– IT IS LIKE PAUSE IN POETRY, ITS APPEAR AFTER THE FIRST WORD OF LINE AND BEFORE THE LAST WORD, IT CAN BE APPEAR IN MULTIPLE TIME IN POETRY. EXAMPLE- A FAMOUS LINE SHAKESPEER’S HEMLET- TO BE, OR NOT TO BE—– THAT IS TH QUESTION” IN THIS LINE WE CAN SEE TO SYMBOLIC PAUSE COMA AND HYPHENE, THOSE PAUSES ARE CALLED CAUSURA

5. CATHARSIS– FIND OUT BY ARISTOTOLE, DERIVED FROM A GREEK WORD ” KATHAIREIN” ITS MEANING ”PURGE/CLEAN”. IT IS A TEARM OF DRAMA, WHEN MAIN CHARACTER OF DRAMA PERFORM HIS ROLE AND SEEN BY THE AUDIENCE AND AUDIENCE CATCH SOME EMOTIONAL FEELING WHICH CHARACTER FEEL IN DRAMA, FROM THE CHARACTER IN THERE PERSONAL LIFE AND FEEL ALL THIS HAPPENING FOR HIMSELF, ITS CALLED CATHARSIS. CATHARSIS ALSO APPEARS IN NOVEL WITH SAME SENSE.